GLOSSARY OF SELECTED MINING TERMS

Acid treatment:	Acid treatment is the process of soaking activated carbon granules in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution in order to dissolve calcium carbonate that has become adsorbed on the carbon and thereby reduces the ability to adsorb gold.
Below collar:	A distance below the surface elevation of a shaft.
Carbon columns:	Carbon columns are any closed vertical cylindrical vessels used to contain granules of activated carbon for processes such as the extraction of gold from solution, elution or acid treatment.
Carbon-in-Leach ("CIL"):	Similar to a CIP (as defined below) plant except that the gold is leached and adsorbed onto carbon granules in the same circuit. The carbon granules are separated and eluted in the same way as for CIP.
Carbon-in-Pulp ("CIP"):	Gold is leached conventionally from a slurry of gold ore with cyanide in agitated tanks. The leached slurry passes into the CIP circuit where carbon granules are mixed with the slurry and gold is adsorbed onto the carbon. The granules are separated from the slurry and treated in an elution circuit to remove the gold.
Cash costs:	Cash costs include site costs for all mining (excluding deferred development costs), processing and administration, but are exclusive of royalties, production taxes, amortization, rehabilitation, corporate administration costs, capital costs and exploration costs.
Channel width:	The total thickness of all reef bands, including internal waste.
Contained gold:	The total gold content of the ore body, irrespective of economic potential.
Depletion:	The decrease in quantity of ore in a deposit or property resulting from extraction or production.
Development:	The process of exposing an ore body through tunneling.
Electro-winning:	Electro-winning is a process of recovering gold from solution by means of electrolytic chemical reaction into a form that can be smelted easily into gold bars.
Elution:	Removal of the gold from the activated carbon before the zinc precipitation stage.
Grade:	The quantity of gold contained within gold-bearing material generally expressed in ounces per ton of ore ("oz/t"), or grams per metric tonne ("g/t").
In-situ deposit:	Reserves still in the ground.
Leaching:	Dissolution of gold from the crushed material, including reclaimed slime, for adsorption and concentration on to the activated carbon.
Metallurgical plant:	A processing plant erected to treat ore and extract the contained gold.
Mineralized material or Mineral deposit:	A mineralized body which has been delineated by appropriately spaced drilling and/or underground sampling to support a sufficient tonnage and average grade of metal. Such material/deposit does not qualify as a reserve until a comprehensive evaluation, based on costs, grade, recoveries and other factors, demonstrates economic feasibility. Consequently, although the potential exists, there is no assurance that such mineralized material or mineral deposits will ever become mineral reserves.
Mineral reserve:	Mineral reserves reported in this Annual Report reflect the payable component of the ore body as calculated under conditions pertaining in December 1998. It should be noted that these conditions will change and therefore, pay limits will change in the future. In addition, the long-range mining plan will mine a mixture of payable reserve and marginal material. Mineral reserves are sub-divided into probable mineral reserves and proved mineral reserves, which are that part of the ore body above a pay limit calculated in December 1998. The tonnages quoted as reserves are in situ and are estimated over a stoping width. Grades are also in situ and estimated over a stoping width, with no allowance being made for additional dilution or gold loss.
Ounce:	(Used in imperial statistics) A troy ounce is equal to 31.1035 grams.
Pay limit:	That grade (i.e., the cut-off grade) at which the value of the ore is equal to the total cost of recovering the precious metal content. Such grade is based upon the total cost of recovering the gold content, divided by the present price per unit, multiplied by the percentage of dilution and metallurgical processing losses.
Precipitate:	Precipitate is the solid product of chemical reaction by fluids such as the zinc precipitation referred to below.
Probable mineral reserves:	Reserves for which quantity and grade and/or quality are computed from information similar to that used for proved reserves but sampling and measurement are further apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The degree of assurance, although lower than that for proved reserves or measured resources, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation.
Productivity:	An expression of labor productivity based either upon the ratio of grams of gold produced to the total number of employees or area mined (in square meters) to the total number of employees.
Proved mineral reserves:	Reserves for which: (i) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes; (ii) grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling; and (iii) the sites for inspection, sampling and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well-defined that size, shape, depth and mineral content of reserves are well established. Proved reserves are considered to be exploitable at the time of reporting.
Pyrite flotation:	Pyrite flotation is the addition of a suite of chemicals to a mixture of ground ore and solution in such a way that a froth rich in pyrite, which also contains gold, floats to the surface for collection.
Reclamation:	Reclaiming, monitoring or pumping of slimes using high-pressure water cannons from the dumps to the metallurgical plants for processing.
Reef:	A gold-bearing sedimentary horizon, normally a conglomerate band, that may contain economic levels of gold.
Refining:	The final purification process of a metal or mineral.
Rehabilitation:	The process of restoring mined land to a condition approximating its original state to a greater or lesser degree. Rehabilitation standards are determined by the South African Department of Minerals and Energy and address ground and surface water, topsoil, final slope gradient, waste handling and re-vegetation issues.
Reserves:	Unless the context otherwise indicates, the term "reserves" means that part of a mineral deposit which could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of the reserve determination.
Rod and tube mills:	Rod and tube mills are types of circular grinding mills used to break the ore down into fine particles in preparation for dissolving out the gold by means of cyanide.
Secondary gold recovery:	Secondary gold recovery is any scavenging process for gold following the initial primary gold recovery.
Shaft:	An opening cut downwards from the surface for transporting personnel, equipment, supplies, ore and waste. A shaft is also used for ventilation and as an auxiliary exit. It is equipped with a surface hoist system that lowers and raises conveyances for men, materials and ore in the shaft. A shaft generally has more than one compartment.
Sliping:	The widening of an existing excavation, either by mechanical or explosive means so as to increase its overall dimensions.
Smelting:	A pyro metallurgical operation in which gold is further separated from impurities.
Stope:	Underground excavation where the ore body is extracted on the plane of the reef.
Stoping:	The process of mining the ore body on the plane of the reef.
Stoping width:	The sum of the channel width and external waste widths.
Tailings:	Finely ground rock of low residual value from which valuable minerals have been extracted.
Tailings dam (slimes dam):	Dams or dumps created from tailings.
Thermal regeneration:	Thermal regeneration is the process of heating activated carbon granules typically to 750 degrees Celsius to restore the properties of carbon for the next gold extraction cycle.
Tonne:	(Used in metric statistics) Equal to 1,000 kilograms.
Ton:	(Used in imperial statistics) Equal to 2,000 pounds.
Tonnage:	Quantities where the ton or tonne is an appropriate unit of measure. Typically used to measure reserves of gold-bearing material in-situ or quantities of ore and waste material mined, transported or milled.
Tribute agreement:	A legal agreement between two parties in which one party makes a portion of its mining rights available to the other party for exploitation, in consideration for a share in the revenue and costs derived from such mining rights.
Vibroseis survey (3D Survey):	Geophysical techniques used to generate vibrations of a known velocity in order to reflect rock masses with different densities. The close spacing of the seismic lines allows for a complex processing technology to delineate geological structures underground with a resolution of around 25 to 50 meters. This process permits accurate long-term mining planning.
Yield:	The amount of valuable mineral in each ton of ore expressed as grams per tonne or ounces per ton.
Zinc precipitation:	Zinc precipitation is the chemical reaction using zinc dust that converts gold solution to a solid form for smelting into unrefined gold bars.